Endocrine Abstracts

Context: Osmotic stimulus or stress results in release of vasopressin. Animal studies have shown that inflammatory parameters such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) increase in parallel, mainly in central brain regions. Whether osmotic stimulation leads to an inflammatory response in humans is unknown. We therefore investigated the influence of osmotic stimulation on the inflammatory system in healthy volunteers.Method: In this prospective...

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients. Seasonal variation with higher incidence of profound hyponatremia during summer months has been described for patients in the emergency department setting. Whether this observation is also true among medical inpatients is unknown. This study aimed at analyzing the seasonal incidence of hyponatremia as well as sex and age specific differences among medical inpatients.<p class=...

BackgroundVasopressin, the main hormone regulating sodium-water balance, is involved in higher brain functions, e.g., cognition, emotion regulation and social functioning. In patients with an acute psychotic episode, increased vasopressin levels have been described and impaired higher brain functions are associated. Copeptin, the stable surrogate marker of vasopressin, has been shown to predict outcome in somatic diseases, i.e., stroke, myocardial infarc...

Background: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released upon osmotic stimulation or hypovolemia in order to maintain water balance. A recent study showed a role of AVP in haematopoiesis by stimulating red blood cell precursors, suggesting a higher risk of anaemia in patientis with AVP deficiency. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of low AVP levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus (cDI) and primary polydipsia (PP) on haemoglobin and the prevalence of anaemia...

Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Different studies have shown an association of admission hyponatremia and worse in-hospital outcome, but no data are available about the impact of hyponatremia at discharge on outcome.Material and methods: Data from a double-blind randomized study including 725 patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia were analyzed. The primary aim of ...

Introduction: Hyponatremia due to excessive fluid intake (i.e. primary polydipsia (PP)) is common. It may culminate in profound hyponatremia – carrying considerable risk of morbidity. However, data on patients with PP leading to hyponatremia is largely lacking. Herein, we describe the characteristics of polydipsic patients hospitalised with profound hyponatremia, and assess one-year outcomes.Method: In this prospective observational study, we includ...

BackgroundThe pathophysiology of primary polydipsia, a disorder with increased fluid intake, is poorly understood. A dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is speculated and arises mainly from research in patients witch a schizophrenia spectrum disorder but data is contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate markers of HPA axis activity in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls.<p class="abst...

BackgroundPrimary polydipsia, characterized by excessive fluid intake, carries the risk of water intoxication and hyponatremia, but treatment options are scarce. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces appetite and food intake. In experimental models, they also play a role in thirst and drinking behavior. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce fluid intake in patients with primary polydipsia.<p class="abstext"...

Introduction: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the predominant cause of hyponatremia but the available treatment options are unsatisfying and often of little efficiency. The selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin promotes osmotic diuresis due to glucosuria and might be a novel treatment option for SIADH.Material and methods: From September 2016 through December 2018 we randomly assigned 88...

Background: The differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus is challenging. The most reliable diagnostic approach is hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin measurements. However, as this test is based on the induction of hypernatremia, it is associated with adverse effects and needs close sodium monitoring. We hypothesized that arginine-stimulated copeptin measurements provide an alternative, simple and safe diagnostic test for diabetes insipidus.Methods...